Indian Defence Sector – BJP Vs Congress

The NDA (National Democratic Alliance) government, led by the BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party), and the UPA (United Progressive Alliance) government, led by the Congress party, in India have always been the two most notable political powerhouse of India. So here comes a detailed dropdown on which government has done or doing in terms of making India a military superpower the world has been respecting and will continue to respect. One of the crucial defence reforms initiated by the Congress government was the establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) in 1958. The DRDO was tasked with developing indigenous defence technologies and reducing India’s dependence on foreign defence imports. Over the years, DRDO has made significant strides in developing a wide range of cutting-edge technologies, including missile systems, radar systems, electronic warfare systems, communication systems etc. and its efforts have massively bolstered India’s defence capabilities and reduced its reliance on foreign defence equipment and reduced its reliance on foreign defence equipment over the years. Also Read, DRDO Vs DARPA – In-Depth Analysis Another key defence reform introduced by the Congress government was the establishment of the Defence Production Policy in 2011. This policy aimed at promoting indigenous defence manufacturing and reducing import dependency. It included measures such as increased participation of the private sector, setting up defence industrial corridors and promoting research and development in defence manufacturing. This policy has led to the growth of the domestic defence industry, attracting investments and creating job opportunities in the sector. The BAE Systems M777 Ultra-Light Howitzers – It was the UPA (Congress govt.) which set the ball rolling for the later crowned BJP to bag the 5,000 Cr deal of 145 M777s, to be deployed in India-China border The Congress government had also taken steps to modernize India’s armed forces by acquiring state-of-the-art defence equipment. For instance, in 2002, the Indian Air Force inducted the Sukhoi Su-30 MKI into its fleet which has now become the mainstay multi-role fighter jet of our Air Force. Similarly in 2016, the Indian Navy commissioned the INS Chennai which was laid down in February 2006, and was launched on 2 April 2010, a guided missile destroyer equipped with advanced weapons systems, radar and sensors, enhancing India’s naval power projection and maritime security. In addition to modernization efforts, the Congress government has also focused on improving the welfare of defence personnel. Measures such as increasing salaries, providing better accommodation and medical facilities, and implementing pension reforms have been undertaken to improve the well-being of the serving and retired defence personnel. These initiatives have aimed at boosting the morale of the Indian Armed Forces and ensuring their operational effectiveness. Furthermore, the Congress govt. has emphasized the importance of defence diplomacy and international cooperation. India has participated in several bilateral and multilateral military exercises with friendly countries, enhancing interoperability and cooperation among armed forces. India has also contributed to UN peacekeeping missions, showcasing its commitment to global peace and security. However, it is worth mentioning that not all promised defence reforms have been fully implemented or achieved the desired outcomes. Challenges such as bureaucratic delays, inadequate funding and technological gaps have hampered the progress of some defence reforms. Moreover, India’s complex security environment, including border disputes with neighboring countries, insurgencies and terrorism threats, pose significant challenges to defence establishment. India-US military drills across the Line of Actual Control (LAC) Impact of BJP Govt. in Indian Defence Since gaining independence from British rule in 1947, India has faced numerous security challenges, both external and internal. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government, which has been in power at various times in India’s history, has implemented and promised several defence reforms at enhancing the country’s military capabilities and strengthening its national security. One of the significant defence reforms introduced by the BJP government was the creation of the post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) in 2019. The CDS serves as the principal military advisor to the government and heads the newly created Department of Military Affairs (DMA). The CDS and DMA are responsible for fostering joint operations and integration among the tree services – the Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force. This reform was aimed at streamlining the decision-making, enhancing coordination and improving interoperability among the armed forces, which was a long-standing requirement to ensure more effective defence planning and operations. The BJP govt. has also taken steps to modernize India’s defence tech and equipment. For instance, in 2020, the government approved the procurement of 83 indigenously developed HAL Tejas MK1A, the smallest multi-role fighter of its kind today, for the Indian Air Force. This step was aimed at reducing India’s dependence on imports and promoting self-reliance in defence production. PM Modi commissions India's first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant The government has also initiated several initiatives to promote indigenous defence manufacturing through the ‘Make in India’ program, encouraging private sector participation and foreign investment in defence production. Testing of indigenous defence projects like the Akash SAM System, Dhanush Artillery Gun System, MRSAM, Agni-V ICBMs, Brahmos missiles, Pinaka Mk-1 Enhanced Rocket System, Pinaka Area Denial Munition rocket systems, Helicopter-Launched Anti-Tank Guided Missile (HELINA) have been some homegrown hot takes and are will eventually become a major part of the military superpower prowess India already possesses. To become Atmanirbhar in defence sector BJP lead goverment release negative import list. This was a big step towards self-reliance in defence. To bolster India’s maritime security, the BJP govt. has undertaken measures to strengthen the Indian Navy. This includes the acquisition of new warships, submarines and aircraft, as well as the development of coastal infrastructure and surveillance capabilities. The government has also focused on enhancing maritime domain awareness and joint operational capability among the Coast Guard and other agencies, and strengthening coastal security to counter maritime threats such as piracy, smuggling and terrorism. In addition to modernization efforts, the BJP govt. has also prioritized welfare measures for defence personnel. This includes initiatives such as One Rank One Pension (OROP) to ensure pension parity among retired military personnel, and better health and welfare benefits. The govt. has also focused on improving the carrer prospects and quality of life for defence personnel and their families. However, it is essential to note that some of the promised defence reforms are still in progress, some in fast pace, some are facing oppose while some in slow motion or political roadblocks or are yet to be fully implemented. There are challenges such as budgetary constraints, bureaucratic hurdles and technological gaps that need to be addressed to achieve the desired outcomes. Additionally, defence reforms require sustained efforts and long term planning to ensure their successful implementation. India's Deep Dive in the Nuke World The then PM Indira Gandhi (representing Indian National Congress) after the Smiling Buddha nuclear test in Pokhran, Rajasthan, 1974 India’s pursuit of nuclear weapons and its development as a nuclear weapon superpower has been a complex and multi-decade process involving multiple governments, including those led by e Congress party for a majority of a part in its initiation time. The journey towards India’s nuclear weapon capability began in the 1940s with the establishment of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) under the leadership of the renowned nuclear scientist Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha. During the 1960s and 1970s, India’s nuclear program received a significant support from the Indian National Congress which was in power at that point of time. The then govt. under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, provided substantial funding and resources to BARC which played a crucial role in the R&D after which in 1974, India created history by conducting its first nuclear test, codenamed “Smiling Buddha” at Pokhran Test Range, Rajasthan. Today, India has deployable 160 nuclear warheads (according to 2022 estimate), although these are all highly classified data, and boasts the nuclear-capable Agni-V ICBM which has a staggering range of 5,500 – 8,000 km (3400 – 5000 miles). Pokhran 2.0 refers to the second series of nuclear tests conducted by India on May 11 and 13, 1998, in Pokhran, Rajasthan. These tests were conducted by the Indian government under the leadership of then-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and are considered a significant event in India's nuclear weapons program. Congress however criticized the Vajpayee administration for carrying out the tests, accusing them to use these as political propaganda and not seriously thinking about the national security. Pokhran 2.0, although received a great deal of applause from newspaper and media companies, did had a negative impact on the global face as strong criticism was drawn from Canada while USA, China and Japan imposed sanctions on us. Some other nations froze the humanitarian aid and financial assistance to India, although the UK, France and Russia took no stance in this event. But the sanctions resulted in the harm of many chemical companies and Western consortium companies especially in construction, computing, telecoms etc. It is also worth mentioning that India’s nuke program has been a matter of both domestic and international debate, with opinions varying on the advantages and disadvantages of possessing nuclear weapons. Supporters of India’s nuclear weapons argue that it enhances the country’s security and strategic capabilities while the detractors express concerns about the potential arms race, regional instability and the diversion of resources from other important/concerning areas such as economic development and social welfare. While the Congress party-led governments have played a very crucial role in providing support to India’s nuclear program, it has been a complex and multi-faceted process involving multiple-governments over several decades and India’s pursuit of nuclear weapons have always been influenced by various factors like strategic considerations, technological capabilities, domestic and international security concerns etc. The Balakot Effect The Balakot Air Strikes were conducted by India on February 26, 2019 in response to a terrorist attack on February 14, 2019, in Pulwama where 40 Indian military personnel died in an explosion carried out by the Pakistan-based terrorist group, Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM). As a response to this brutal attack, India carried out a swift and coordinated air strike operation, comprising of 12 IAF Dassault Mirage 2000 aircrafts and a support of 4 Sukhoi Su-30 MKIs, Netra AEW&CS and Phalcon AEW&C and 2 Illyushin-78 mid-air refuelling aircraft, where a combination of Spice 2000 precision-guided bombs and Crystal Maze air-to-surface missiles (Crystal Maze and Popeye missiles were on standby) were used to demolish the Jem training camps in Balakot, Pakistan. This whole operation resulted in heightened tensions between India and Pakistan, information wars in media, political debates etc. Dassault Mirage 2000 The BJP has claimed credit for surgical strikes against Pakistan in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) in response to the cross-border terrorism, illegal breaching into our domestic space and repeated ceasefire violations. Not taking the grievances what people and political leaders may have against BJP, the surgical strikes which India had conducted against our neighbour had created several positive impacts not only in the military fandom but also in the minds of general citizens. Deterrence against terrorism – The surgical strikes were intended to send a strong message to Pakistan that India would take decisive action to protect its sovereignty and national security. This was seen as a deterrent against future terrorist attacks on Indian soil. Boosting national morale – The surgical strikes were celebrated by many Indians as a bold and decisive move by the government to respond to cross-border terrorism. It boosted the morale of the Indian armed Forces and instilled a sense of national pride among the people. Signalling India’s resolve – The surgical strikes were seen as a signal of India’s resolve to take proactive measures against terrorism and protect its interests. It demonstrated India’s willingness to take strong action beyond its borders to safeguard its security. International support – The surgical strikes were also seen as a political message by the BJP govt. to its domestic audience, showcasing its strong stance on national security and commitment protecting India’s interests. Sending a political message – The surgical strikes were also seen as a political message by the BJP to its domestic audience, showcasing its strong stance on national security and commitment to protecting India’s interests. The Defense Budget Scenario One of the key factors is evaluating national defense growth is the defense budget, which reflects the financial statement and commitment of the government towards the defense sector. Both the Congress and the BJP governments have made efforts to increase the defense budget during their respective tenures. For instance, during the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government’s tenure from 2004 to 2014, the defense budget showed steady growth with a significant increase in defense spending from $19.3 billion in 2004-05 to $38.35 billion in 2013-14, indicating a focus on making the country’s defense capabilities stronger. Similarly under the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) govt.’s tenure from 2014 to 2019, the defense budget also witnessed an upward trend, with an increase from $37.4 billion in 2014-15 to $46.9 billion in 2018-19, signaling the government's emphasis on defense preparedness. Considering the current situation, our present $11.85 billion defense industry is forecasted to be a $25 billion ecosystem. India's military expenditure (in billion $) and as % of GDP, 1985 to 2018. (Data via World Bank and SIPRI) The OFB Corporatization Scene The corporatization of the Ordnance Factory Board in India has had significant impacts on the country’s defense sector. Once a govt. entity, the OFB is responsible for the production of defense equipment and ammunition, and this move as made by the govt. in order to meet the following – Enhanced efficiency – The corporatization of OFB has aimed to streamline its operations, improve the decision-making processes and increase accountability. It has led to a greater focus on productivity, quality control and deadline meetups etc. Increased autonomy – Corporatization of OFB has given OFB greater autonomy in decision-making, allowing it to respond more swiftly to changing defense requirements and market dynamics. This has facilitated faster procurement processes and reduced bureaucratic delays, leading to improved responsiveness and agility in defense production. Technology upgradation – It has led to increased emphasis on technology upgrades and modernization of manufacturing processes, adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques, reduced production time, improved product quality and cost savings. Private sector participation – It has opened door for increased private sector participation in the Indian defense production ecosystem. It has encouraged collaborations between public and private sectors, allowing for the infusion of private sector expertise, investment and innovation. This has the potential to enhance India’s defense capabilities by leveraging private sector efficiencies and capabilities. HR Management – It has also brought changes to human resource management, including performance-based incentives, skill development programs and greater accountability for employees while also aiming to have an efficient workforce in defense production. HR Management – It has also brought changes to human resource management, including performance-based incentives, skill development programs and greater accountability for employees while also aiming to have an efficient workforce in defense production. Rivals’ and public concerns – Employees concerning about their impact in job security and absence of retirement benefits, changes in work conditions, career progressions and more work stress, the potential loss of government control and accountability, introduction of total corporate culture and market-oriented approaches leading to more attention to effort and time, changes in overall funding, budgeting and revenue-generation mechanism, a risk of debt or lack of profitability etc. are some of the major issues voiced by notable spokespersons and rival parties such as Congress. The OFB corporatization has been criticized by most of the Opposition parties while the general public opinion on this matter has been varying depending on geographical locations, socio-economic backgrounds, respective party-ruled states and political affiliations; and as much as are the challenges bit of a concerning issue, this OFB privatization decision is till now balanced with mixed reviews. Also Read, Decoding 7 New PSUs Formed From OFB: How It Could Benefit India Article 370 Revoking The Article 370 was revoked on August 5, 2019 by the Indian government, effectively nullifying the autonomy granted to Jammu and Kashmir – a significant move which had wide-ranging implications including some potential impacts on Indian defense. Article 370 allowed the state a certain amount of autonomy – its own constitution, a separate flag and freedom to make laws, ownership of property and fundamental rights etc. Enhanced military operations – Revocation of this law could provide the govt. with more flexibility in deploying and utilizing its armed forces in J&K with swifter operations without the need for special provisions or approvals that were previously required. Greater control over strategic areas – Jammu and Kashmir is a strategic important region due to its proximity to neighboring countries like Pakistan and China and the govt. may have greater control over the region’s territory and resources which could have implications for defense and security considerations. Increased infrastructure development – It could pave the way for better military infrastructure for our armed forces, improved equipment logistics, mobility provisions and operations management. According to BJP, Article 370 had made J&K fall behind the other states in terms of overall growth and its removal would help in addressing issues such as terrorism, separatism and corruption in the region while also taking into consideration the above mentioned factors. The Congress being the main opposition, are criticizing on the facts that the Article 370 will create more heightened tensions with both Pakistan and China, potential military escalation and border skirmishes and might impact local sentiment towards the armed forces management and operations and the recruitment of local personnel in the security forces. Defence Privatization Impact of defense privatization on the Indian defense sector can be seen from various perspectives – Enhanced Indigenous Capabilities: Defense privatization has led to the development of indigenous defense capabilities by promoting research and development, innovation, and manufacturing of defense equipment within the country. Private defense companies have invested in building indigenous technologies, manufacturing facilities, and skilled workforce, leading to the development of advanced defense systems in India. Reduced Dependence on Imports: Defense privatization has helped in reducing India's dependence on imports for defense equipment. Private defense companies have been encouraged to collaborate with foreign defense manufacturers and transfer technology to India, leading to the development of indigenous defense products and reducing the need for imports. Increased Competition and Efficiency: The entry of private companies in the defense sector has introduced competition, leading to increased efficiency and cost-effectiveness in defense production. Private defense companies are often subject to market forces and competitive pressures, which can drive innovation, improve quality, and reduce costs. Expanded Defense Industrial Base: Defense privatization has led to the expansion of the defense industrial base in India, with the establishment of new defense manufacturing facilities, research and development centers, and testing facilities by private defense companies. This has helped in creating new jobs, promoting economic growth, and building a robust defense ecosystem in the country. Challenges and Concerns: However, defense privatization in India also faces challenges and concerns, such as issues related to intellectual property rights, technology transfer, quality control, and security concerns. Ensuring proper regulations, standards, and oversight mechanisms are in place is crucial to address these challenges and mitigate any potential risks. BJP's Views on Defense Privatization: The BJP has generally been supportive of defense privatization in India. The party has advocated for leveraging private sector capabilities to enhance indigenous defense manufacturing, promote innovation, reduce dependence on imports, and increase efficiency in defense production. The BJP-led government has implemented policy changes to encourage private sector participation in defense manufacturing through initiatives such as the "Make in India" campaign, allowing increased foreign direct investment (FDI) in defense, and promoting public-private partnerships (PPPs) in defense production. However, the BJP has also emphasized the need to ensure proper regulations, standards, and security measures in defense privatization to protect national interests. INC's Views on Defense Privatization: The INC has expressed concerns about potential risks and challenges associated with defense privatization, such as issues related to technology transfer, quality control, and security concerns. The INC has emphasized the need for transparency, accountability, and proper regulations in defense privatization to safeguard national interests and ensure that the public sector's capabilities are not compromised. The party has also called for a balanced approach that considers the strategic and security implications of defense privatization in India. The Agnipath Controversy Approved on 14 June, 2022 and implemented in September of the same year, the Agnipath scheme is a ‘Tour of Duty’ style approved by the current BJP govt. for recruitment of soldiers below the rank of commissioned officers into the three services of the Indian Armed Forces where all recruits will be hired only for a four-year period. The new rank, Agniveer has been created – a designation given to those who will be recruited by this system. The Agnipath Controversy has created a massive uproar in the general citizen mindset and obviously in the verses of every rival party. The posts available are below the officer cadre and it is the only route to serve in the Indian military. This whole system has been massively criticized by various political spokepersons and pundits. The Indian National Congress called the scheme neither in the interest of the country nor its security and had asked for the rollback of the system. According to them, it will reduce the operational effectiveness of the armed forces and will compromise our dignity, tradition, valor and discipline of the armed forces. Infact, some political leaders took it to public that it is a direct contradictory law where ‘One Rank, One Pension’ has become ‘No Rank, No Pension’. BJP has received flak for its Agnipath Scheme from almost all of the rival political parties. BJP also saw the general citizens of India creating massive and widespread protests in different parts of India. Violent protests erupted in several states where the army aspirants are angry with this system. Many highways had been blocked with numerous cases of arson, National highways faced total gridlocks, numerous buses and trains were burnt down where the most of the cases were in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana. More than 500 trains were affected in a span of one week after the approval of Agnipath. On 20 June, a country wide strike named Bharat Bandh was called by the protesting organizations demanding a roll back of the scheme – for which 600 trains had to be cancelled and the Delhi-Gurgaon expressway almost came to a standstill. The Last Decade Developments The currently continuing BJP tenure began in 2014 and considering the world’s scenario, a country’s military prowess will hold more mettle in their current strengths and abilities rather than dwelling in the history and India has seen a good spur of defence development in the last decade. Modernization of Armed Forces – The Indian government has focused on modernizing the armed forces by procuring advanced weaponry and equipment. This includes the acquisition of the Rafale multi-role fighter jets from France, the S-400 Triumph SAM systems from Russia, the Apache attack helos and Chinooks from the United States of America and other defence equipment from various countries. Indigenous Defence Production – The ‘Make in India’ initiative, launched by the Indian government, aims to promote indigenous production and reduces reliance on foreign imports. Several defence equipment production and R&D projects have been initiated with domestic defence industries to develop advanced weapons, platforms and warfare capabilties including missiles, submarines, fighter aircrafts, destroyers, artillery systems etc. Cyber Warfare – The Indian govt. has been focusing on strengthening its cyber warfare to address emerging threats in cyberspace. The formation of the Defense Cyber Agency (DCA) in 2019 and the release of the National Cyber Security Strategy in 2020 are steps towards enhancing India’s cybersecurity posture. Also Read, Key Decisions Taken During Army Commanders Conference 2023 Border Infrastructure Development – The government has been investing in border infrastructure development to improve the operational readiness of the armed forces along the borders. This includes the construction of roads, bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure in border areas, particularly along the India-China and the India-Pakistan borders. Defense Diplomacy – The Indian govt. has been engaging in defense diplomacy to enhance defense cooperation with other countries. This includes joint military exercises, defense agreements and high-level defense dialogues with various countries to strengthen defense ties and foster mutual trust. Counter Terrorism measures – India has been taking measures to strengthen its counter-terrorism capabilities. This includes intelligence sharing, upgrading counter-terrorism equipment, and enhancing the capacity of security forces to prevent and respond to terrorist threats. Space Capabilities – India has made advancements in its space capabilities, including the development and operationalization of its indigenous satellite navigation system called NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) which has both civilian and military applications. Also Read, Militarization and Weaponization of Space Maritime Security – The Indian Navy has been enhancing its maritime security capabilities to protect India’s strategic interests in the Indian Ocean region. This includes the acquisition of advanced naval platforms, submarines and surface ships, maritime surveillance aircraft as well as strengthening coastal security measures. Defense Budget – The Indian govt. has been increasing the defense budget over the years to modernize the armed forces, enhance defense capabilities and strengthen national capabilities, with more focus on indigenous military expansion and targeting equipment and weapons exports. INS Satpura, the Shivalik Class Stealth Frigate of Indian Navy, gearing up for Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2022 India’s AGNI-V, the nuclear-capable 8000km behemoth ballistic missile An Overall Analysis The issue of defense reforms and the growth of the defense industry in India has been a significant topic of debate and discussion in the country’s political landscape. Both the Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC) have played important roles in shaping India’s defense policies and industry. However, evaluating which party has made the most impact in building defense reforms and industry and propelling India towards a global superpower status requires a nuanced analysis. The BJP which is currently in power has prioritized defense reforms and industry growth as part of its political agenda. Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the BJP has initiated several key measures to modernize India’s defense capabilities. The govt. has focused much on making the defense procurement process stronger and hassle-free, promoting indigenization, and strengthening the defense manufacturing sector through the ‘Make In India’ initiative and projects. The govt. has also taken steps to streamline defense research and development, promote defense exports and enhance defense diplomacy. Many changes have been done too in faster and more transparent defense deals and equipment procurement. The introduction of the Strategic Partnership (SP) which aims to involve the private sector in defense manufacturing, is another defense reform initiated by the BJP govt. Moreover, India’s approach in defense expansion has become more aggressive which is indeed fruitful considering the position the different conflicted regions in the world lie. The ‘Make in India’ initiative has also increased more job positions while fostering innovation and indigenization. Induction of the Rafale jets, the Sukhoi Su-30 upgrade programs, Tejas development, the HAL LCH lethality, improvisation of the equipment of our Special Operations forces, the cutting edge technology and training they receive and the manufacturing of the homegrown INS Vikrant aircraft carrier have all made India flaunt its military prowess more in the current tough times. The govt. has also encouraged foreign defense companies to set up manufacturing facilities in India through the ‘Defence Investor Cell’ and other policy measures. HAL Tejas Mk1 On the other hand, the Indian National Congress (INC), which has a long history of governance in India, has also contributed to defense reforms and industry growth. During its tenure, the INC-led government has taken significant measures to strengthen India’s defense capabilities. The establishment of the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and the production of indigenous defense equipment such as missiles, tanks, aircrafts etc. are some of the key initiatives undertaken by the INC governments. Today India has been seen promising innovations and developments across various defense fields from DRDO which have later made it to be inducted in the actual Armed Forces, so had it not been this Congress initiative, DRDO would have only stayed in someone’s mind or whatever. The Congress has also emphasized on the defense diplomacy and engagement with other countries to enhance India’s strategic partnerships. The signing of the defense cooperation agreements with various countries including the US, Russia and Israel had been a key focus of the INC-led governments. So, India has still been able to maintain the crucial friendly relations with Russia, US etc. while France, Japan, Australia, South Korea all have joined in this foray. However, it is important to note that the defense reforms and industry growth are complex and long-term processes that require sustained efforts over many years. It would be unfair to attribute the entire credit or blame for the India’s Defence Department progress to any one political party. Both the BJP and the INC have made important contributions to defense reforms and industry growth in India, and their policies and initiatives have had their fair share of successes and challenges. So for the future responsibilities in this field, it’s not a single man or women who can expect to decide to have his/her opinion respected as the crown, but will the rather be the saying of the entire citizen garden of Indian citizens and defense pundits who all can decide on which government should get the seat so that India can still increase her tremendous military potential and be considered as a top five global superpower, yet remain diplomatic and support peace at all times, while successfully neutralize threats, if any, when push comes to shove.

Indian Defence Sector – BJP Vs Congress

Subhodip Das

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