Bullets Beyond Sound: Exploring Possibility of Hypersonic Bullets
By Girish Linganna
In the rapidly advancing world of technology, the military and defence sectors are always seeking new ways to push the limits. One intriguing idea that has gained traction is the concept of hypersonic bullets.
However, before we delve into the possibilities and challenges surrounding this idea, let us first define what hypersonic speeds are. Hypersonic speeds refer to velocities that surpass Mach 5, or five times the speed of sound, which is roughly 3,800 miles per hour (6,125 kilometres per hour). Achieving successful hypersonic flight poses significant engineering obstacles due to extreme heat and pressure caused by air resistance.
Are Hypersonic Bullets Feasible?
To determine if hypersonic bullets are feasible, we need to understand the current state of bullet technology. Traditional bullets, propelled by chemical reactions in firearms, typically achieve speeds of between 1,000 and 3,000 feet per second (300 to 900 metres per second), falling far short of hypersonic flight requirements. Different types of firearms, such as sniper rifles, magnum revolvers and military rifles, can achieve higher velocities, but these still fall within the subsonic range. It is important to note that these figures can vary depending on the specific firearm and ammunition used.
Recent advancements in propulsion systems, such as electromagnetic railguns, offer new possibilities in warfare and defence. Railguns utilize strong magnetic fields to accelerate projectiles to incredibly high speeds and are believed to have the potential to launch bullets at hypersonic velocities. This technology could revolutionize warfare and defence strategies.
Also Read, 10 Crazy Military Weapons That Actually Exist
Significant Challenges Lie Ahead
However, there are significant challenges surrounding the concept of hypersonic bullets. The extreme velocities that are involved generate immense heat, which can cause materials to melt or disintegrate. Additionally, achieving precise control over trajectory and accuracy presents technical hurdles.
Despite these difficulties, many countries have invested heavily in hypersonic research and development. The United States, for instance, is actively studying hypersonic technologies—including hypersonic missiles that can travel at speeds greater than Mach 20. Such advancements could transform the way warfare and defence strategies are conducted.
In a Chinese experiment, a bullet fired at a speed of 13,000 feet per second (4,000 metres per second), 11 times the speed of sound (Mach 11), failed to penetrate a pig’s hind limb, but created a significant wound cavity. The impact was so powerful that the steel ball appeared to be on fire upon contact with the animal’s skin, suggesting that it carried immense force and melted and shattered due to high temperatures. This resulted in a large, hemispheric pit-like wound cavity with tissue spattering.
Fascinationg, but Complex Concept
To summarize, the concept of hypersonic bullets is fascinating, yet complex. It presents challenges due to the limitations of traditional bullet technology, making achieving hypersonic speeds a difficult engineering task. However, as research progresses and propulsion systems improve, the possibility of viable hypersonic bullets cannot be completely ruled out.
As we observe technological advancements in this area, it is crucial to closely monitor its potential impact. If successfully developed, hypersonic bullets could greatly transform warfare and defence systems. Only time will tell if bullets will eventually surpass the speed of sound and achieve hypersonic flight.
(The author of this article is a Defence, Aerospace & Political Analyst based in Bengaluru. He is also Director of ADD Engineering Components, India, Pvt. Ltd, a subsidiary of ADD Engineering GmbH, Germany. You can reach out to him at: girishlinganna@gmail.com)
